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Application Area

beta-Defensin-1, human

* Please kindly note that our products are not to be used for therapeutic purposes and cannot be sold to patients.

Beta-defensin 1 is a human protein.

Category

Others

Catalog number

BAT-009978

Molecular Formula

C192H297N59O57S6

Molecular Weight

4536.15

Specification
Reference Reading

IUPAC Name

(2S)-2-[[(aR,1R,7S,10S,13S,16S,19S,22S,25S,31S,34R,37S,40S,46S,49S,52S,55R,60R,63S,66S,69S,78S,81R,84S,87S,90S,93S)-60-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-19,46,52-tris(4-aminobutyl)-25,78-bis(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-13-benzyl-10,22-bis[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-40-(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-16,31-bis[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-66,69,90-tris(hydroxymethyl)-37,87-bis[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-49,93-dimethyl-84-(2-methylpropyl)-2,2a,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,44,47,50,53,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94-triacontaoxo-63-propan-2-yl-4a,5a,57,58,97,98-hexathia-1a,3,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,45,48,51,54,62,65,68,71,74,77,80,83,86,89,92,95-triacontazatetracyclo[53.40.7.434,81.03,7]hexahectane-a-carbonyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoic acid

Sequence

GLGHRSDHYNCVSSGGQCLYSACPIFTKIQGTCYRGKAKCCK

InChI

InChI=1S/C192H297N59O57S6/c1-15-96(9)151-185(302)226-116(52-54-140(198)261)158(275)212-80-148(269)246-153(100(13)256)187(304)244-136-88-311-309-86-134-179(296)228-120(64-94(5)6)166(283)229-123(68-105-44-50-110(260)51-45-105)169(286)238-130(82-253)175(292)217-99(12)156(273)245-138(189(306)251-62-30-39-139(251)183(300)249-152(97(10)16-2)186(303)235-124(65-102-31-18-17-19-32-102)174(291)250-154(101(14)257)188(305)225-114(165(282)248-151)35-22-26-58-195)90-314-313-85-133(178(295)227-118(190(307)308)36-23-27-59-196)243-181(298)135(240-163(280)113(34-21-25-57-194)222-155(272)98(11)216-161(278)112(33-20-24-56-193)218-146(267)78-211-157(274)111(37-28-60-207-191(201)202)223-167(284)121(231-180(136)297)66-103-40-46-108(258)47-41-103)87-310-312-89-137(182(299)247-150(95(7)8)184(301)239-132(84-255)177(294)236-129(81-252)160(277)210-76-144(265)209-77-145(266)219-117(164(281)241-134)53-55-141(199)262)242-172(289)127(71-142(200)263)233-168(285)122(67-104-42-48-109(259)49-43-104)230-171(288)126(70-107-75-206-92-215-107)232-173(290)128(72-149(270)271)234-176(293)131(83-254)237-162(279)115(38-29-61-208-192(203)204)224-170(287)125(69-106-74-205-91-214-106)221-147(268)79-213-159(276)119(63-93(3)4)220-143(264)73-197/h17-19,31-32,40-51,74-75,91-101,111-139,150-154,252-260H,15-16,20-30,33-39,52-73,76-90,193-197H2,1-14H3,(H2,198,261)(H2,199,262)(H2,200,263)(H,205,214)(H,206,215)(H,209,265)(H,210,277)(H,211,274)(H,212,275)(H,213,276)(H,216,278)(H,217,292)(H,218,267)(H,219,266)(H,220,264)(H,221,268)(H,222,272)(H,223,284)(H,224,287)(H,225,305)(H,226,302)(H,227,295)(H,228,296)(H,229,283)(H,230,288)(H,231,297)(H,232,290)(H,233,285)(H,234,293)(H,235,303)(H,236,294)(H,237,279)(H,238,286)(H,239,301)(H,240,280)(H,241,281)(H,242,289)(H,243,298)(H,244,304)(H,245,273)(H,246,269)(H,247,299)(H,248,282)(H,249,300)(H,250,291)(H,270,271)(H,307,308)(H4,201,202,207)(H4,203,204,208)/t96-,97-,98-,99-,100+,101+,111-,112-,113-,114-,115-,116-,117-,118-,119-,120-,121-,122-,123-,124-,125-,126-,127-,128-,129-,130-,131-,132-,133-,134-,135-,136-,137-,138-,139-,150-,151-,152-,153-,154-/m0/s1

InChI Key

YHVVDAXRAQRKNB-CAFPGJJRSA-N

Canonical SMILES

CCC(C)C1C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(C(=O)NC2CSSCC3C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(CSSCC(NC(=O)C(CSSCC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)NC(C(=O)N3)CCC(=O)N)CO)CO)C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)NC(=O)C(CC5=CN=CN5)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)C(CC6=CN=CN6)NC(=O)CNC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)CN)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)CNC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC2=O)CC7=CC=C(C=C7)O)CCCNC(=N)N)CCCCN)C)CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)O)C(=O)N8CCCC8C(=O)N1)C)CO)CC9=CC=C(C=C9)O)CC(C)C)C(C)O)CCC(=O)N)C(C)CC)CCCCN)C(C)O)CC1=CC=CC=C1

1. Modulation of Human β-Defensin-1 Production by Viruses

Lisa Kathleen Ryan, Gill Diamond Viruses. 2017 Jun 21;9(6):153. doi: 10.3390/v9060153.

While initially identified as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide, constitutively expressed in epithelia, human β-defensin (hBD)-1 is now recognized to have a more complex pattern of expression of its gene, DEFB1, as well as activities that extend beyond direct antimicrobial. These observations suggest a complex role for hBD-1 in the host defense against viral infections, as evidenced by its expression in cells involved in viral defense, and its gene regulation in response to viral challenge. This regulation is observed both in vitro and in vivo in humans, as well as with the murine homolog, mBD-1. While numerous reviews have summarized the existing literature on β-defensin gene expression and activity, here we provide a focused review of relevant studies on the virus-mediated regulation of hBD-1 and how this regulation can provide a crucial aspect of the innate immune defense against viral infection.

2. Human β-defensin 1 update: Potential clinical applications of the restless warrior

Ángel H Álvarez, Moisés Martínez Velázquez, Ernesto Prado Montes de Oca Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2018 Nov;104:133-137. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.09.007. Epub 2018 Sep 17.

Human β-defensin 1 (hBD-1) is a multifaceted antimicrobial peptide being a tumour suppressor and, depending on call of duty, capable of inducing self-nets and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to capture and/or kill bacteria, participates in inflammatory responses in chronic diseases including hBD-3 upregulation and also capable of up/downregulation in the presence of certain species of Lactobacillus sp. Thus, is regulated by host microbiota. Alleles, genotypes and/or altered gene expression of its coding gene, DEFB1, have been associated with several human diseases/conditions ranging from metabolic/chronic (e.g. cancer), infectious (e.g. tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS), inflammatory (gastrointestinal diseases), male infertility and more recently, neurologic (e.g. depression and Alzheimer) and autoimmune diseases (e.g. vitiligo and systemic lupus erythematosus). The present update focuses on novel DEFB1/hBD-1 properties and biomarker features, its biological function and the pharmaceutical potential uses of antimicrobial peptide elicitors (APEs) or the engineered peptide in the treatment of hBD-1-related human diseases.

3. Human beta-defensin-1 rs2738047 polymorphism is associated with shisha smoking risk among Saudi population

Mikhlid Almutairi, Bader Almutairi, Mohammad Almutairi, Narasimha Reddy Parine, Abdulwahed Alrefaei, Mohammad Alanazi, Abdelhabib Semlali Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Aug;28(31):42916-42933. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13660-9. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Human β-defensin (HBD), a member of the antimicrobial peptides, is essential for respiratory epithelial cells' microbial defense, and is affected by cigarette smoking (CS). Its expression is upregulated by stimulation from microbes or inflammation. Genetic polymorphisms in the HBD-1 gene have been implicated in the development of various smoking-related diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Thus, we sought to analyze possible associations between HBD-1 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in HBD-1 gene and CS in ethnic Saudi Arabian subjects. Variants rs1047031 (C/T), rs1799946 (C/T), rs2738047 (C/T), and rs11362 (C/T) were investigated by genotyping 575 blood specimens from males and females, smokers/non-smokers: 288/287. The CT and CT+TT genotypes of rs1799946 presented an ~5-fold increased correlation with CS among the female smokers, compared with the female controls (OR = 5.473, P = 0.02003; and OR = 5.211, P = 0.02028, respectively), an observation similar to rs11362 SNP in female smokers, but with protective effects in TT genotype, compared with the CC reference allele (OR = 0.143, P = 0.04368). In shisha smokers, the heterozygous CT and the CT/TT genotype of rs2738047 polymorphism showed the same results with ~3-fold increased correlation with CS (OR = 2.788; P = 0.03448), compared with the cigarette smokers category. No significant association was shown in genotypic distributions and allelic frequencies of rs1047031. Further investigations, including large study samples, are required to investigate the effects of shisha on human beta-defensin expression and protein levels.