1. Effectiveness of analogs of the kappa opioid receptor antagonist (3R)-7-hydroxy-N-((1S)-1-{[(3R,4R)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl}-2-methylpropyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinecarboxamide (JDTic) to reduce U50,488-induced diuresis and stress-induced cocaine reinstatement in rats
Patrick M Beardsley, Gerald T Pollard, James L Howard, F Ivy Carroll Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2010 Jun;210(2):189-98. doi: 10.1007/s00213-010-1846-3. Epub 2010 Apr 7.
Rationale: The kappa opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist, JDTic, was reported to prevent stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine-maintained responding and to have antidepressant-like effects. Objectives: Our objectives were to determine whether analogs of JDTic retained KOR antagonist activity and whether an orally effective analog prevented footshock-induced cocaine reinstatement. Methods: RTI-194 (i.g. 1-30 mg/kg, s.c. 0.3-10 mg/kg, and i.p. 30 mg/kg), RTI-212 (s.c. 0.3-10 mg/kg and i.p. 30 mg/kg), and RTI-230 (i.g. 3-30 mg/kg and i.p. 1-30 mg/kg) were evaluated for their ability to block diuresis induced by 10-mg/kg U50,488 in rats. RTI-194 was additionally evaluated i.g. (3-100 mg/kg) for its ability to prevent footshock-induced reinstatement of responding previously reinforced with 0.5-mg/kg/inf cocaine. Results: RTI-194 significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated U50,488-induced diuresis when given i.g., s.c., and i.p. RTI-194s effectiveness increased 1 week following administration. RTI-212 was ineffective. RTI-230 was ineffective when given i.g., but blocked diuresis at 24 h and 8 days (1, 10, and 30 mg/kg), 15 days (10 and 30 mg/kg), 22 and 29 days (30 mg/kg) following i.p. administration. Footshock reinstated responding in vehicle-but not RTI-194 (30 and 100 mg/kg)-treated rats. Conclusions: RTI-194 and RTI-230 are effective KOR antagonists, and RTI-194 is now included with JDTic as the only reported compounds capable of antagonizing the KOR following oral administration. The failure of stress to reinstate cocaine seeking in rats treated with RTI-194 is consistent with results reported with JDTic, although it had less efficacy in lowering response levels than JDTic, suggesting a diminished overall effectiveness relative to it.
2. [Study on chemical constituents of Cinnamomi Ramulus]
Dan Wang, Xi-Min Wu, Dong-Dong Zhang, Bo-Rong Zhu, Shun-Chun Wang, Chen-Xing Wang, Qi Jia, Yi-Ming Li Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2020 Jan;45(1):124-132. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190829.201.
The chemical constituents of Cinnamomi Ramulus were investigated in this study. Twenty-two compounds were isolated by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatographies and preparative HPLC and their structures were identified by various spectral analyses as dihydrorosavin(1), rosavin(2), 1-phenyl-propane-1,2,3-triol(3), patchoulol(4), graphostromane B(5),(+)-lyoniresinol-3 a-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(6),(-)-lyoniresinol-3 a-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(7), cinnacaside(8), subaveniumin A(9), 3-phenyl-2-propenyl-6-O-L-arabinopyranosyl-β-glucopyranoside(10), 2-phenylethyl-β-vicianoside(11), cinnacasol(12), [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-(benzyloxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl] methyl hydrogen sulfate(13), coniferyl aldehyde(14),(2R,3R)-5,7-dimethoxy-3',4'-methylenedioxyflavan-3-ol(15), cinnacassin L(16), E-cinnamic alcohol(17),(E)-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-ol(18), 2-hydroxyphenylpropanol(19), cinnamomulactone(20),(+)-syringaresinol(21) and cinnamomumolide(22), respectively. Among them, 1 is a new compound and 3-7, 9-11, 13, 15, 18 and 19 were isolated from the plant for the first time.
