1. Novel somatostatin analogs for the treatment of acromegaly and cancer exhibit improved in vivo stability and distribution
T J Gillespie, A Erenberg, S Kim, J Dong, J E Taylor, V Hau, T P Davis J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Apr;285(1):95-104.
The biodistribution of several radiolabeled somatostatin (SRIF) analogs was determined in the rat. Newly developed analogs BIM-23190 and BIM-23197 attained higher plasma levels and much greater target tissue concentrations than the clinically used BIM-23014 analog. Highest tissue concentrations of BIM-23190 and BIM-23197 were found in adrenal, kidney, pituitary and pancreas, tissues that are known to be abundant in mRNA for the somatostatin subtype 2 receptor. BIM-23190 and BIM-23197 associated radioactivity in these tissues was prolonged compared with that of BIM-23014, especially in the SRIF-receptor-rich pituitary. BIM-23190 and BIM-23197 were more stable in vivo and much less subject to biliary excretion than BIM-23014. These properties account for the elevated plasma and target tissue concentrations of these new SRIF analogs. Based on higher plasma levels, greater distribution to target tissues and longer in vivo stability, BIM-23190 and BIM-23197 may prove to be superior to BIM-23014 for the treatment of acromegaly and some types of cancer.
2. Somatostatin receptor-specific analogs: effects on cell proliferation and growth hormone secretion in human somatotroph tumors
D C Danila, J N Haidar, X Zhang, L Katznelson, M D Culler, A Klibanski J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Jul;86(7):2976-81. doi: 10.1210/jcem.86.7.7620.
Somatostatin (SST) acts through a family of seven transmembrane domain G protein-coupled receptors to inhibit hormone secretion and cell proliferation in a variety of neuroendocrine tissues. In normal and neoplastic human pituitary somatotroph cells, SST-specific receptor types (SSTR) 1, 2, 3, and 5 are prevalently expressed, and SST and its analogs have been shown to inhibit GH secretion. However, in somatotroph adenomas, little is known regarding: 1) effects of SST and its analogs on pituitary tumor proliferation; 2) the relationship between the effects of SST analogs on GH secretion and tumor cell proliferation; and 3) whether SSTR expression predicts the antiproliferative effects of SST analogs in human somatotroph tumors. We investigated the effects of SST-14, lanreotide, and SSTR 2 (BIM-23190) and SSTR 5 (BIM-23268) specific analogs in 18 somatotroph pituitary adenomas in primary culture. Our results showed that cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by SST-14, lanreotide, BIM-23190, and BIM-23268 in 4, 7, 3, and 4 tumors, respectively (range of proliferation suppression 5-60%; median, 16%). Tumors that were responsive to SSTR 2- and 5-specific analogs were also responsive to lanreotide. SST-14 inhibited GH secretion in 8 of 13 tumors; lanreotide, BIM-23190, and BIM-23268 inhibited GH secretion in six tumors each (range of GH secretion inhibition 23-43%; median 33%). SSTR 2 and 5 messenger RNA was expressed in all tumors investigated, whereas SSTR 1 and 3 messenger RNA was expressed in 11 and 12 tumors, respectively. We observed a dissociation between the in vitro effects of SST-14 or lanreotide on tumor cell proliferation and the effects on GH secretion in human somatotroph tumors. Although differences in receptor concentration and the presence of other SST receptor subtypes may play a role, the presence of SSTR 2 and/or 5 did not have a predictive value. These data suggest that inhibition of cell proliferation occurs independently of effects on GH secretory pathways. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanism of SST induced antiproliferative effects.
3. Gateways to clinical trials
M Bayés, X Rabasseda, J R Prous Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Sep;25(7):565-97.
Gateways to Clinical Trials is a guide to the most recent clinical trials in current literature and congresses. The data in the following tables has been retrieved from the Clinical Studies Knowledge Area of Prous Science Integrity, the drug discovery and development portal, http://integrity.prous.com. This issue focuses on the following selection of drugs: Abetimus sodium, adefovir dipivoxil, AGI-1067, alefacept, alemtuzumab, ALVAC-p53, aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride, aminolevulinic acid methyl ester, Anti-CTLA-4 Mab, AOD-9604, apafant, aprinocarsen sodium, arsenic trioxide; Balaglitazone, BIM-23190, bimatoprost, bortezomib, bosentan, BR-1; Canertinib dihydrochloride, CDP-850, cevimeline hydrochloride, cinacalcet hydrochloride, clenoliximab, clevudine, CN-787; D-003, darusentan, deferasirox, desloratadine dexanabinol, duloxetine hydrochloride; E-5564, edaravone, efaproxiral sodium, elvucitabine emfilermin, EN-101, enfuvirtide, entecavir, epithalon, eplerenone, erlotinib hydrochloride, escitalopram oxalate, esomeprazole magnesium, eszopiclone, etilefrine pivalate hydrochloride etoricoxib, everolimus, exenatide; Fidarestat, fondaparinux sodium; Ganstigmine hydrochloride; Homoharringtonine, HuMax-IL-15, hyperimmune IVIG; Imatinib mesylate, IMC-1C11, Inhaled insulin, irofulven, iseganan hydrochloride, ISIS-14803, ISIS-5132, ivabradine hydrochloride; Keratinocyte growth factor; Lafutidine, lanthanum carbonate, LAS-34475, levocetirizine, liraglutide, LY-307161 SR; Magnesium sulfate, maribavir, melatonin, mycobacterium cell wall complex; NN-414, NO-aspirin, nociceptin, nolomirole hydrochloride; Olmesartan medoxomil oral insulin, ospemifene; PDX, perillyl alcohol, pimecrolimus, pitavastatin calcium, pramlintide acetate, prasterone, pregabalin, PRO-542, PV-701, pyrazoloacridine; R-744, ranelic acid distrontium salt, rasburicase, rDNA insulin, resiniferatoxin, reslizumab, ridogrel, riplizumab ropivacaine, rosuvastatin calcium, roxifiban acetate, ruboxistaurin mesilate hydrate; Satraplatin, Sch-58500, semaxanib, sitaxsentan sodium, SMP-114, SU-6668; Teriparatide, tetrathiomolybdate, tipifarnib, tolvaptan, travoprost, treprostinil sodium; Valdecoxib, valganciclovir hydrochloride, vardenafil hydrochloride hydrate, vatalanib succinate; Ximelagatran; Z-335, ziprasidone hydrochloride, zoledronic acid monohydrate, ZYC-00101.
