Heat shock-related 70 kDa protein 2 (446-455)

Objective: Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma has a high mortality rate, and approximately 60% of patients are in advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. Thus, determining the prognostic parameters of this cancer and markers related to these parameters are very important. There are studies showing that heat shock- related 70-kDa protein 2, which is used as a biomarker, may be associated with prognostic parameter in some cancers. However, no study has investigated the prognostic role of heat shock-related 70-kDa protein 2 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in the literature. Thus, in our study, the aim was to examine the relation- ship between heat shock-related 70-kDa protein 2 expression and clinicopathological prognostic parameters in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and methods: Our study included 104 patients diagnosed with laryngeal squamous cell carci- noma between January 2005 and January 2016. The correlation between heat shock-related 70-kDa protein 2 expression and prognostic parameters was investigated by using the immunohistochemical method with heat shock-related 70-kDa protein 2 antibody. Results: In all the cases, heat shock-related 70-kDa protein 2 positivity was determined in tumoral areas (100%). The overexpression rate of heat shock-related 70-kDa protein 2 in adjacent non-cancerous tissues with dysplasia was 48/104 (42%) (P < .0001). A significant relationship was found between heat shock- related 70-kDa protein 2 expression and important prognostic parameters such as macroscopic tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, primary tumor, lymph node metastasis, distant organ metastasis, tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) stage stage, recurrence, and survival rates (P < .05). Conclusion: Our study supports the presence of an association between high heat shock-related 70-kDa protein 2 expression levels and prognostic parameters in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. We consider that heat shock-related 70-kDa protein 2 can be used as a prognostic marker in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, it may be important in early diagnosis due to its increased expression even under laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma precursor conditions.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most malignant types of human cancer and has an extremely poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRs) reportedly serve a critical role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression. Understanding the expression patterns and functions of miRs may provide strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with PC. In particular, miR-634 is attracting interest due to its critical role in regulating the biology of some types of cancer. However, the expression patterns, biological function and molecular mechanism of miR-634 in PC remain unknown. In the present study, miR-634 expression levels in PC tissues and cell lines were significantly downregulated. Notably, the ectopic overexpression of miR-634 in PC cells inhibited tumor progression, whereas miR-634 silencing reversed these effects. Furthermore, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and the dual-luciferase assay revealed that miR-634 regulated heat shock-related 70 kDa protein 2 (HSPA2) by directly binding to its 3-untranslated region. In clinical samples of PC, miR-634 was inversely correlated with HSPA2, which was upregulated in PC. In the rescue experiment, HSPA2 overexpression partially abrogated the effects of miR-634 mimicry on biological function. In conclusion, miR-634 functioned as a tumor suppressor in regulating PC progression by targeting HSPA2 and may therefore be a novel potential therapeutic target for PC.