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PG 97-269

* Please kindly note that our products are not to be used for therapeutic purposes and cannot be sold to patients.

PG 97-269, a selective high affinity VPAC1 receptor antagonist, has negligible affinity for PACAP type I receptors, with Kis of 15±5 and 2±1 nM for the rat and human VPAC1 receptors, respectively. It can be used to evaluate the physiological role of VIP in rats and human tissues.

Category

Peptide Inhibitors

Catalog number

BAT-014541

CAS number

202463-00-1

Molecular Formula

C150H246N44O38

Molecular Weight

3273.83

Specification
Reference Reading

IUPAC Name

(3S)-3-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamido-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-4-amino-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-6-aminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-amino-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-4-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid

Synonyms

Acetyl-(D-Phe2,Lys15,Arg16,Leu27)-VIP (1-7)-GRF (8-27); Ac-His-D-Phe-Asp-Ala-Val-Phe-Thr-Asn-Ser-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Val-Leu-Lys-Arg-Leu-Ser-Ala-Arg-Lys-Leu-Leu-Gln-Asp-Ile-Leu-NH2; L-Leucinamide, N-acetyl-L-histidyl-D-phenylalanyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-asparaginyl-L-seryl-L-tyrosyl-L-arginyl-L-lysyl-L-valyl-L-leucyl-L-lysyl-L-arginyl-L-leucyl-L-seryl-L-alanyl-L-arginyl-L-lysyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-glutaminyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-isoleucyl-

Appearance

White Powder

Purity

≥95%

Sequence

Ac-HFDAVFTNSYRKVLKRLSARKLLQDIL-NH2

Storage

Store at -20°C

Solubility

Soluble in Water

InChI

InChI=1S/C150H246N44O38/c1-21-82(16)119(146(231)178-99(121(156)206)59-75(2)3)193-141(226)110(70-116(204)205)184-129(214)98(51-52-113(154)200)177-132(217)100(60-76(4)5)181-134(219)101(61-77(6)7)179-127(212)93(42-29-32-54-152)172-125(210)95(44-34-56-164-148(157)158)171-122(207)83(17)169-142(227)111(72-195)189-135(220)102(62-78(8)9)180-128(213)97(46-36-58-166-150(161)162)174-124(209)92(41-28-31-53-151)175-133(218)103(63-79(10)11)186-145(230)118(81(14)15)192-130(215)94(43-30-33-55-153)173-126(211)96(45-35-57-165-149(159)160)176-136(221)105(66-89-47-49-91(199)50-48-89)183-143(228)112(73-196)190-139(224)108(68-114(155)201)188-147(232)120(85(19)197)194-140(225)106(65-88-39-26-23-27-40-88)187-144(229)117(80(12)13)191-123(208)84(18)168-131(216)109(69-115(202)203)185-137(222)104(64-87-37-24-22-25-38-87)182-138(223)107(170-86(20)198)67-90-71-163-74-167-90/h22-27,37-40,47-50,71,74-85,92-112,117-120,195-197,199H,21,28-36,41-46,51-70,72-73,151-153H2,1-20H3,(H2,154,200)(H2,155,201)(H2,156,206)(H,163,167)(H,168,216)(H,169,227)(H,170,198)(H,171,207)(H,172,210)(H,173,211)(H,174,209)(H,175,218)(H,176,221)(H,177,217)(H,178,231)(H,179,212)(H,180,213)(H,181,219)(H,182,223)(H,183,228)(H,184,214)(H,185,222)(H,186,230)(H,187,229)(H,188,232)(H,189,220)(H,190,224)(H,191,208)(H,192,215)(H,193,226)(H,194,225)(H,202,203)(H,204,205)(H4,157,158,164)(H4,159,160,165)(H4,161,162,166)/t82-,83-,84-,85+,92-,93-,94-,95-,96-,97-,98-,99-,100-,101-,102-,103-,104+,105-,106-,107-,108-,109-,110-,111-,112-,117-,118-,119-,120-/m0/s1

InChI Key

ATUJPFYFVOFWAC-MVAHIZQLSA-N

Canonical SMILES

CCC(C)C(C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CCCCN)NC(=O)C(CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)C(CCCCN)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CCCCN)NC(=O)C(CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)C(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C(CC2=CC=CC=C2)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)C(CC4=CNC=N4)NC(=O)C

1. Antisecretory actions of a novel vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) antagonist in human and rat small intestine

Matthew R Banks, Michael J G Farthing, Patrick Robberecht, David E Burleigh Br J Pharmacol. 2005 Apr;144(7):994-1001. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706128.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been demonstrated in intestinal mucosal neurones and elicits chloride secretion from enterocytes. These findings have led to the proposal that VIP is a secretomotor neurotransmitter. Confirmation of such a role may now be possible with the development of PG 97-269, a high-affinity, selective antagonist of VIP type 1 (VPAC1) receptor, which is expressed by gut epithelial cells. We have evaluated the VIP antagonism and antisecretory potential of this novel compound using in vitro and in vivo models of intestinal secretion. Monolayers of the human colonic cell line (T84) and muscle-stripped preparations of rat jejunum and human ileum were set up in Ussing chambers for recording of transepithelial resistance and short-circuit current. Ussing chambers were modified to allow electrical stimulation of mucosal neurones. Effects of PG 97-269 on enterotoxin-induced secretion were investigated in perfused rat jejunum in vivo. PG 97-269 competitively antagonised VIP in T84 monolayers. In rat jejunum and human ileum, responses to VIP were inhibited as were responses of rat jejunum to electrical stimulation of mucosal neurons. In perfused rat jejunum, PG 97-269 abolished the effects of VIP on fluid and electrolyte transport and attenuated cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat labile toxin-induced net fluid and electrolyte secretion. PG 97-269 is a competitive antagonist of enterocyte VIP receptors and effectively inhibits responses of rat and human intestinal mucosa to VIP. Antagonism of secretory responses to electrical stimulation of mucosal neurons and lumenal application of enterotoxins imply a secretory role for VIP in these processes.

2. In vitro properties of a high affinity selective antagonist of the VIP1 receptor

P Gourlet, P De Neef, J Cnudde, M Waelbroeck, P Robberecht Peptides. 1997;18(10):1555-60. doi: 10.1016/s0196-9781(97)00230-1.

A selective high affinity VIP1 receptor antagonist [Acetyl-His1, D-Phe2, Lys15, Arg16, Leu17] VIP(3-7)/GRF(8-27) or PG 97-269 was synthesized, by analogy with recently obtained selective VIP1 receptor agonists. The properties of the new peptide were evaluated on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell membranes expressing either the rat VIP1-, rat VIP2- or the human VIP2-recombinant receptors and on LoVo cell membranes expressing exclusively the human VIP1 receptor. The IC50 values of 125I-VIP binding inhibition by PG 97-269 were 10, 2000, 2 and 3000 nM on the rat VIP1-, rat VIP2-, human VIP1- and human VIP2 receptors, respectively. PG 97-269 had a negligible affinity for the PACAP I receptor type. It did not stimulate adenylate cyclase activity, but inhibited competitively effect of VIP on the VIP1 receptor mediated stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity. The Ki values were respectively of 15 +/- 5 nM and 2 +/- 1 nM for the rat and human VIP1 receptors. Thus the described molecule in the first reported VIP antagonist with an affinity in the nM range and with a high selectivity for the VIP1 receptor subclass. It may be useful for evaluation of the physiological role of VIP in rat and human tissues.

3. Inhibition of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) induces resistance to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice

John P Vu, Mulugeta Million, Muriel Larauche, Leon Luong, Joshua Norris, James A Waschek, Charalabos Pothoulakis, Joseph R Pisegna, Patrizia M Germano J Mol Neurosci. 2014 Jan;52(1):37-47. doi: 10.1007/s12031-013-0205-3. Epub 2014 Jan 7.

VIP is highly expressed in the colon and regulates motility, vasodilatation, and sphincter relaxation. However, its role in the development and progress of colitis is still controversial. Our aim was to determine the participation of VIP on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colonic mucosal inflammation using VIP(-/-) and WT mice treated with VIP antagonists. Colitis was induced in 32 adult VIP(-/-) and 14 age-matched WT litter-mates by giving 2.5 % DSS in the drinking water. DSS-treated WT mice were injected daily with VIP antagonists, VIPHyb (n = 22), PG 97-269 (n = 9), or vehicle (n = 31). After euthanasia, colons were examined; colonic cytokines mRNA were quantified. VIP(-/-) mice were remarkably resistant to DSS-induced colitis compared to WT. Similarly, DSS-treated WT mice injected with VIPHyb (1 μM) or PG 97-269 (1 nM) had significantly reduced clinical signs of colitis. Furthermore, colonic expression of IL-1ϐ, TNF-α, and IL-6 was significantly lower in VIP(-/-) and VIPHyb or PG 97-269 compared to vehicle-treated WT. Genetic deletion of VIP or pharmacological inhibition of VIP receptors resulted in resistance to colitis. These data demonstrate a pro-inflammatory role for VIP in murine colitis and suggest that VIP antagonists may be an effective clinical treatment for human inflammatory bowel diseases.