1. The finger-tip unit--a new practical measure
C C Long, A Y Finlay Clin Exp Dermatol. 1991 Nov;16(6):444-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.1991.tb01232.x.
A finger-tip unit (FTU) is the amount of ointment expressed from a tube with a 5 mm diameter nozzle, applied from the distal skin-crease to the tip of the index finger. Thirty adult-patients treated various anatomical regions using FTU's of ointment. The number of FTU's required was: face and neck 2.5 (s.d. +/- 0.8); front of trunk 6.7 (s.d. +/- 1.7); back of trunk 6.8 (s.d. +/- 1.2); arm and forearm 3.3 (s.d. +/- 1.0); hand 1.2 (s.d. +/- 0.4); leg and thigh 5.8 (s.d. +/- 1.7); foot 1.8 (s.d. +/- 0.6). One FTU covers 286 cm2 (s.d. +/- 80, n = 30). In males one FTU covers 312 cm2 (s.d. +/- 90, n = 16) and in females 257 cm2 (s.d. +/- 55, n = 14). The use of the FTU in dermatological prescribing provides a readily understandable measure for both patients and doctor.
2. Craniometrics and Ventricular Access: A Review of Kocher's, Kaufman's, Paine's, Menovksy's, Tubbs', Keen's, Frazier's, Dandy's, and Sanchez's Points
Peter J Morone, Michael C Dewan, Scott L Zuckerman, R Shane Tubbs, Robert J Singer Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2020 May 1;18(5):461-469. doi: 10.1093/ons/opz194.
Intraventricular access is frequently required during neurosurgery, and when neuronavigation is unavailable, the neurosurgeon must rely upon craniometrics to achieve successful ventricular cannulation. In this historical review, we summarize the most well-described ventricular access points: Kocher's, Kaufman's, Paine's, Menovksy's, Tubbs', Keen's, Frazier's, Dandy's, and Sanchez's. Additionally, we provide multiview, 3-dimensional illustrations that provide the reader with a novel understanding of the craniometrics associated with each point.
3. Finkelstein's Test Is Superior to Eichhoff's Test in the Investigation of de Quervain's Disease
Feiran Wu, Asim Rajpura, Dilraj Sandher J Hand Microsurg. 2018 Aug;10(2):116-118. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1626690. Epub 2018 Mar 20.
Introduction de Quervain's tenosynovitis is a common pathologic condition of the hand. Finkelstein's test has long been considered to be a pathognomonic sign of this diagnosis, yet most clinicians and instruction manuals erroneously describe what is in fact the Eichhoff's test, which is thought to produce similar pain by tendon stretching in a normal wrist. The purpose of this study was to compare Finkelstein's test with Eichhoff's test in asymptomatic individuals. Materials and Methods Thirty-six asymptomatic participants (72 wrists) were examined using both Finkelstein's and Eichhoff's tests with a minimum interval of 24 hours between the tests. Results The results showed that Finkelstein's test was more accurate than Eichhoff's test. It demonstrated higher specificity, produced significantly fewer numbers of false-positive results, and also caused significantly less discomfort to patients. Conclusion This study recommends Finkelstein's test as the clinical examination of choice for the diagnosis of de Quervain's disease.
