1.Inhibition of local blood flow control systems in the mammary glands of lactating cows affects uptakes of energy metabolites from blood.
Madsen TG1, Cieslar SR2, Trout DR3, Nielsen MO1, Cant JP4. J Dairy Sci. 2015 May;98(5):3046-58. doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-8200. Epub 2015 Mar 6.
To test the effect of mammary blood flow on net uptakes of milk precursors by the mammary glands, inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX) were infused into the mammary circulation of 4 lactating cows. Inhibitors were infused in a 4×4 Latin square design, where treatments were infusion for 1 h of saline, NOS inhibitor (Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride), COX inhibitor (indomethacin), or both NOS + COX inhibitors into one external iliac artery. Para-aminohippuric acid was also infused to allow for estimation of iliac plasma flow (IPF), of which approximately 80% flows to the mammary glands. Blood samples were collected before, during, and after inhibitor infusion from the contralateral external iliac artery and ipsilateral mammary vein. Inhibition of COX and NOS each produced a decrease in IPF, although the NOS effect was smaller and IPF continued to be depressed throughout the recovery period. The combination of COX and NOS inhibition produced a 50% depression in IPF and there was no carryover into the recovery period.
2.Oral exposure to the anti-pyridoxine compound 1-amino D-proline further perturbs homocysteine metabolism through the transsulfuration pathway in moderately vitamin B₆ deficient rats.
Mayengbam S1, Raposo S1, Aliani M1, House JD2. J Nutr Biochem. 2015 Mar;26(3):241-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.10.014. Epub 2014 Dec 3.
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP; a B₆ vitamer) serves as an important cofactor in a myriad of metabolic reactions, including the transsulfuration (TS) pathway, which converts homocysteine (Hcy) to cysteine. While overt vitamin B₆ deficiency is rare, moderate deficiency is common and may be exacerbated by anti-pyridoxine factors in the food supply. To this end, we developed a model of moderate B₆ deficiency and a study was conducted to examine the in vivo effect of 1-amino D-proline (1ADP), an anti-pyridoxine factor found in flaxseed, on indices of Hcy metabolism through the TS pathway in moderately B₆ deficient rats. Male weaning rats received a semi-purified diet containing either 7 mg/kg (control; CD) or 0.7 mg/kg (moderately deficient; MD) diet of pyridoxine·hydrochloride (PN∙HCl), each with 1 of 4 levels of 1ADP, viz. 0, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg diet for 5 weeks. Perturbations in vitamin B₆ biomarkers were more pronounced in the MD group. Plasma PLP was significantly reduced, while plasma Hcy (8-fold) and cystathionine (11-fold) were increased in rats consuming the highest amount of 1ADP in the MD group.
3.The Effect of Systemic Tamsulosin Hydrochloride on Choroidal Thickness Measured by Enhanced Depth Imaging Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography.
Sari E1, Sari ES2, Yazici A2, Koç A1, Bulbul E3, Koytak A4, Ermis SS2, Erol MK5. Curr Eye Res. 2015;40(10):1068-72. doi: 10.3109/02713683.2014.971935. Epub 2014 Dec 12.
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effects of selective α1A-adrenoceptor antagonist tamsulosin hydrochloride on choroidal thickness using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT).
4.Chiral Separation of Ormeloxifene Hydrochloride, a Non-steroidal Contraceptive Agent.
Ahmad H1, Gupta V1, Dwivedi AP2, Katti SB2, Dwivedi AK3. J Chromatogr Sci. 2016 Feb;54(2):125-9. doi: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv109. Epub 2015 Aug 1.
Ormeloxifene hydrochloride (Centchroman) is once-a-week non-steroidal oral contraceptive agent marketed in India and other countries. In this study, we report a validated isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for chiral separation of d- and l-ormeloxifene hydrochloride. This method is capable of baseline separation of its d- and l-isomers. HPLC separation was achieved on a Lux 5µ cellulose-1 with a mobile phase comprising hexane, isopropanol, methanol and triethylamine (90:10:1:0.5). Validation parameters such as limit of detection, limit of quantitation, linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity and preformulation studies were conducted according to new guidelines of International Conference on Harmonization.
