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Cell-targeting peptides are short peptides that specifically bind to receptors on the surface of specific types of cells and facilitate the targeted delivery of drug molecules, or other therapeutic molecules to these cells. These peptides are able to selectively recognize specific cells, thereby increasing the targeting of therapeutic molecules and the efficacy of drugs while reducing adverse effects on healthy cells.
Fig.1 Cell targeting peptides as smart ligands for targeting. (Mousavizadeh et al., 2017)
Cell-targeting peptides can bind to either the external structural domains or the internal structural domains of cell surface receptors. Once the cell-targeting peptides bind to the target cell surface receptor, they can be taken inside the cell via endocytosis can be transported to the target cell. This targeted delivery can increase the bioavailability of the drug and reduce the dose of the drugs.
(1) Determination of targeting receptor - Firstly, the cell surface receptor to be targeted needs to be determined, which can be done through literature research or in-house laboratory studies.
(2) Peptide sequence design - A peptide sequence with high affinity and specificity is designed according to the structure and characteristics of the target receptor.
(3) Peptide synthesis - Peptides are synthesized using chemical synthesis methods, usually using solid phase synthesis techniques, to produce high purity and quality peptides.
(4) Purification and identification - The synthesized peptides are purified and identified by HPLC, mass spectrometry and other methods to ensure their purity and quality.
(5) Evaluation of peptide affinity and specificity - Evaluate the affinity and specificity of peptides through in vitro or in vivo experiments.
Cell-targeted peptides can bind to receptors on the surface of tumor cells to achieve targeted delivery of anti-tumor drugs or peptide molecules that promote apoptosis of tumor cells.
Some cell-targeting peptides are able to cross the blood-brain barrier and bind to receptors on the surface of brain cells for the treatment of neurological diseases. For example, beta-amyloid (Aβ)-targeting peptides are used to treat Alzheimer's disease.
Cell-targeted peptides can bind to receptors on the surface of inflammatory cells and target delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs or peptide molecules that promote apoptosis in inflammatory cells, thereby reducing the inflammatory response.
Cell-targeted peptides can be used as components of vaccines or diagnostic reagents to achieve efficient targeting of vaccines or diagnostic reagents through binding to specific cell surface receptors.
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